The Importance of Trench Safety: Safeguarding Lives and Enhancing Construction Practices

Trench safety is a critical aspect of construction and excavation activities that warrants significant attention. Within the depths of narrow and deep excavations, workers face inherent risks that necessitate strict adherence to safety protocols. In this article, we delve into the paramount importance of trench safety and explore essential measures for safeguarding lives below the surface, ultimately improving construction practices.

Understanding the Significance:

Comprehending the risks associated with trenching and excavation work is crucial. These activities pose a range of hazards, including cave-ins, falls, engulfment, hazardous atmospheres, and falling objects. Among these risks, trench collapses pose a particularly grave threat, burying workers under massive volumes of soil, resulting in severe injuries or fatalities. Therefore, prioritizing trench safety becomes indispensable in preventing accidents and ensuring the well-being of those involved in excavation work.

Key Safety Measures:

• Implementing Protective Systems: Employing effective protective systems forms the cornerstone of trench safety. Trench boxes, or trench shields, provide structural support to prevent soil collapse. Shoring techniques, such as hydraulic shoring and timber shoring, reinforce trench walls, mitigating the risk of collapses. Similarly, employing sloping and benching techniques involves cutting back trench walls at specific angles to minimize cave-in hazards.
• Competence and Training: The competence and training of personnel engaged in trenching and excavation work are of paramount importance. Comprehensive training programs equip workers with the ability to identify potential hazards, comprehend soil types, utilize protective systems, and operate equipment safely. Regular safety briefings and refresher courses reinforce adherence to safety protocols and best practices.
• Site Evaluation and Planning: Thorough site evaluations are essential before commencing any trenching operation. This evaluation includes identifying existing utilities, assessing soil composition, evaluating water accumulation risks, and identifying potential hazardous atmospheres. Detailed planning ensures the implementation of appropriate safety measures and the availability of necessary equipment on-site.
• Ensuring Adequate Access and Egress: Establishing safe entry and exit points in trenches is crucial. Constructing properly designed ladders, stairways, or ramps enables workers to enter and exit trenches safely. Minimizing the distance between access points ensures swift evacuation during emergencies.
• Atmospheric Monitoring: Regularly monitoring atmospheric conditions within trenches is imperative to prevent exposure to hazardous gases and oxygen depletion. Thorough monitoring for toxic gases like methane or hydrogen sulfide ensures a safe working environment. Installing effective ventilation systems guarantees a continuous supply of fresh air.
• Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Providing adequate personal protective equipment to workers engaged in trenching operations is crucial. This includes hard hats, high-visibility clothing, safety boots, and protective gloves. Workers should also utilize respiratory protection when at risk of inhaling hazardous substances.

Trench Safety Tools & Resources from OSHA & MOCGA:

OSHA Resources:

• Trenching and Excavation Safety and Health Topics page
• Trenching and Excavation Safety, OSHA Pub #2226
• OSHA Fact Sheet – Trenching and Excavation Safety (English, Spanish)
• Trench Safety QuickCard (English, Spanish)
• Trench Collapses Can Be Deadly: OSHA Alert (English, Spanish)
• Trenching Poster (English, Spanish)
• Trenching Safety Poster: 5 Things You Should Know to Stay Safe

MOCGA Outreach Materials:

• MO CGA 11×17 Posters
• MOCGA Pre-Excavation Safety Checklist
• MOCGA Toolbox Talk – Buried Utility Safety
• MOCGA Toolbox Talk – Trench Safety
• Trenching and Excavation Safety Inspection Checklist

Final Thoughts:

Ensuring trench safety is a shared responsibility among employers, supervisors, and workers alike. By recognizing potential risks and implementing robust safety measures, accidents can be minimized, and the well-being of those working below the surface can be safeguarded. Trench safety must never be compromised, and adherence to best practices, comprehensive training, and the use of protective systems are indispensable in protecting lives and preventing tragedies in the construction and excavation industry. Let us prioritize trench safety as an integral part of every trenching operation, enhancing construction practices and fostering a secure working environment.

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Worker Exposure Risk to COVID-19  |  Workplace Safety Resource

The State of Worker Exposure Risk to COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted our daily lives, and one of the most critical aspects is how it affects the health and safety of workers. As the world continues to grapple with the virus, understanding the current state of worker exposure risk to COVID-19 is crucial. In this blog article, we will delve into the latest trends, safety measures, and best practices to protect employees from potential exposure to the virus.

Industries at Higher Risk

As of July 26, 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic remains a global concern, with varying infection rates across regions. New variants of the virus have emerged, influencing the overall exposure risk for workers. Employers and employees must stay vigilant and adapt to the ever-changing circumstances.

Certain industries face higher worker exposure risk due to the nature of their work. Healthcare, frontline services, hospitality, and transportation are among the sectors where workers are more vulnerable to the virus. Proper precautions and safety protocols are essential in these fields to protect workers and limit the spread of COVID-19.

Employer Responsibilities and Safety Measures

Employers play a pivotal role in safeguarding their workforce. They must adhere to government guidelines and implement rigorous safety measures. This includes:

• Social Distancing: Ensure workplaces are designed to facilitate social distancing, maintaining at least 6 feet of distance between employees whenever possible.
• Mask Mandates: Enforce the use of masks in indoor settings, especially when social distancing is not feasible.
• Regular Sanitization: Provide easy access to hand sanitizing stations and encourage employees to frequently sanitize their hands.
• Enhanced Cleaning Protocols: Regularly disinfect frequently-touched surfaces and communal areas.
• Remote Work Policies: Encourage remote work options for roles that allow it, reducing the number of employees present in the workplace.
• Vaccination Support: Encourage and support vaccination efforts among employees by providing information and facilitating access to vaccines.

Employee Responsibilities

Employees also have a crucial role to play in minimizing exposure risk. Encourage them to:

• Adhere to Safety Protocols: Comply with workplace safety guidelines and procedures to protect themselves and their colleagues.
• Stay Informed: Stay up-to-date with the latest information from reliable sources about COVID-19 and its variants.
• Monitor Health: Employees should self-monitor for any symptoms and report any illness promptly to their supervisor.
• Vaccination: Encourage employees to get vaccinated, which significantly reduces the risk of severe illness and transmission.

The Future of Worker Exposure Risk

The future of worker exposure risk to COVID-19 remains uncertain, especially with new variants continually emerging. Employers must remain agile, updating safety protocols in line with evolving health guidelines. Investing in employee health and safety not only protects the workforce but also contributes to increased productivity and morale.

Things to Remember

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, it is essential for employers and employees alike to remain vigilant and proactive in mitigating worker exposure risk. By adhering to safety guidelines, supporting vaccination efforts, and staying informed about the evolving landscape of the virus, we can protect the health and well-being of our workforce. Together, we can build a safer and healthier future for all.

More Tools & Resources from Peak Ergonomics

Contact Us About Reducing Workplace Injuries

Healthy Employees are the Bottom Line!

Related Resource Links:

Protecting Workers Guidance for COVID-19

(CDC) Understanding Exposure Risks

Identifying Employers Failing to Submit Injury and Illness Data

OSHA initiates enforcement program to identify employers failing to submit injury and illness data. The enforcement program will identify employers who failed to submit Form 300A data through the agency’s Injury Tracking Application (ITA). Annual electronic submissions are required by establishments with 250 or more employees currently required to keep OSHA injury and illness records, and establishments with 20-249 employees classified in specific industries with historically high rates of occupational injuries and illnesses.

The program matches newly opened inspections against a list of potential non-responders to OSHA’s collection of Form 300A data through the ITA and reports all matches to the appropriate OSHA area office. If the area office determines that the establishment on the list is the same establishment where the inspection was opened, OSHA will issue citations for failure to submit OSHA Form 300A Summary data. In addition to identifying non-responders at the establishment level, the agency is also reviewing the 2021 submitted data to identify non-responders at a corporate-wide level. This corporate level review is being conducted for the nation’s largest employers. For more information, please visit OSHA’s Injury and Illness Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements website and Trade Release.

The Crucial Role of Employers in Submitting Injury and Illness Data to OSHA

Safety in the workplace should be a top priority for all employers. Creating a safe and healthy work environment not only protects employees but also contributes to increased productivity and reduced costs. To promote transparency and accountability in workplace safety, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to submit injury and illness data. In this article, we’ll explore the importance of complying with OSHA’s reporting requirements, and how it benefits both employees and employers.

1. What is OSHA’s Injury and Illness Reporting?

OSHA, a federal agency under the United States Department of Labor, plays a significant role in ensuring the safety and health of workers across various industries. To achieve this goal, OSHA requires employers to maintain accurate records of workplace injuries and illnesses. These records serve as vital sources of information to identify potential hazards, assess workplace safety programs, and develop effective preventive measures.

2. Promoting Transparency and Accountability

Submitting injury and illness data to OSHA fosters transparency and accountability. By reporting workplace incidents, employers provide a clear picture of safety issues within their organization. Transparent reporting helps OSHA identify industries and workplaces that may have higher injury rates, allowing them to target their resources and inspections effectively.

Moreover, publicly available injury and illness data empower employees to make informed decisions about potential job opportunities. Prospective employees can evaluate an organization’s safety track record, which could influence their decision to work for a particular company.

3. Identifying and Addressing Workplace Hazards

The data submitted to OSHA is carefully analyzed, helping to identify common workplace hazards and trends. This information allows OSHA to develop industry-specific guidelines and safety standards to address these risks effectively. Additionally, employers can also use this data to recognize patterns and implement proactive measures to prevent similar incidents in the future.

4. Enhancing Workplace Safety Programs

Regularly reporting workplace injuries and illnesses helps employers assess the effectiveness of their safety programs. By analyzing the data, employers can identify potential weaknesses in their safety procedures and make necessary improvements. A proactive approach to safety not only reduces the risk of accidents but also improves employee morale and productivity.

5. Compliance with OSHA Regulations

Complying with OSHA’s injury and illness reporting requirements is not optional; it is mandatory for many employers. Failure to report incidents can result in significant penalties and fines. By submitting accurate and timely data, employers demonstrate their commitment to workplace safety and compliance with OSHA regulations.

6. Form 300, 300A, and 301

OSHA requires employers to maintain three key forms to document workplace injuries and illnesses: Form 300 (Log of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses), Form 300A (Summary of Work-Related Injuries and Illnesses), and Form 301 (Injury and Illness Incident Report). These forms must be kept up to date and submitted annually as part of OSHA’s recordkeeping requirements.

7. How to Submit Injury and Illness Data

To streamline the process, OSHA has developed the Injury Tracking Application (ITA), an online platform that facilitates the submission of injury and illness data. Employers can access ITA on OSHA’s official website and submit their records electronically.

Things to Remember

Ensuring workplace safety is a shared responsibility between employers and employees. By submitting injury and illness data to OSHA, employers contribute to a safer work environment for their workforce, foster transparency, and aid in the identification and resolution of workplace hazards. Compliance with OSHA’s reporting requirements not only avoids costly fines but also strengthens an organization’s safety culture and reputation. Prioritizing workplace safety is not only a legal obligation but also a moral imperative that benefits everyone involved. By working together, employers and employees can create a safer and healthier working environment for all.

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Reduction of Work Related Injuries by 96%

 

Why Office Ergonomics is Important?

In today’s fast-paced work environment, employees spend long hours at their desks, immersed in a sea of screens and paperwork. While the demands of modern work are inevitable, neglecting the importance of office ergonomics can have serious consequences on productivity, well-being, and overall job satisfaction. In this article, we’ll explore the significance of office ergonomics and how it can positively impact both employees and businesses.

1. Understanding Office Ergonomics:

Office ergonomics refers to the science of designing a workspace that optimizes human performance and well-being. It focuses on creating an environment that minimizes physical strain and discomfort, aligning the workspace to the natural posture and movements of the human body. A well-designed ergonomic workspace takes into account factors such as chair height, desk positioning, monitor placement, and keyboard usage.

2. The Link between Ergonomics and Productivity:

Ergonomics and productivity are interlinked in a profound way. When employees work in an ergonomically-friendly environment, they experience reduced fatigue and discomfort. This directly translates into enhanced focus, better concentration, and increased efficiency. Employees are less prone to distractions and more likely to maintain their productivity throughout the day.

3. Enhancing Employee Well-Being:

A workspace that prioritizes ergonomics fosters employee well-being. When employees feel physically comfortable at work, they are less susceptible to musculoskeletal issues like back pain, neck strain, and repetitive stress injuries. This not only leads to fewer sick days and lower healthcare costs for businesses but also demonstrates a genuine concern for the health and happiness of their employees.

4. Reducing Workplace Injuries and Costs:

Work-related injuries can have a significant impact on both employees and businesses. Implementing ergonomic principles can drastically reduce the risk of workplace injuries, such as carpal tunnel syndrome and eye strain. Consequently, businesses can save on workers’ compensation claims and medical expenses while maintaining a healthy workforce.

5. Boosting Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction:

Investing in office ergonomics can improve employee engagement and job satisfaction. When employees feel that their employer values their well-being, they are more likely to be loyal and committed to their work. Moreover, an ergonomic workspace fosters a positive work culture, encouraging collaboration and team spirit.

Things to Remember

In today’s competitive business landscape, success is driven by the productivity and happiness of employees. Office ergonomics is not just a luxury; it’s a necessity for both employees and businesses. By creating workspaces that prioritize the well-being and comfort of employees, companies can enhance productivity, reduce costs, and cultivate a thriving work environment. Embracing office ergonomics is an investment that yields remarkable returns in the form of engaged and healthy employees, who are the backbone of every successful organization.

More Tools & Resources from Peak Ergonomics

Contact Us About Reducing Workplace Injuries

Healthy Employees are the Bottom Line! – Learn More!

Related Resources:

Peak Ergonomics. (2023, July 31). Office Computer Desk Ergonomics

David Zhang. (2017, May 11). 5 ways you’re sitting wrong at your desk – Computer Desk Setup Ergonomics

Chandler, M. (2019, February 15). How To Create The Ideal Ergonomic Workstation Setup 

Past Seminar: “Kiss Carpal Tunnel Goodbye”

“Kiss Carpal Tunnel Goodbye” is designed for employers who are interested in reducing carpal tunnel syndrome from their worker’s compensation claims and OSHA logs.

Wednesday, February 1st, 2017

Missouri Employer’s Mutual Chesterfield, MO

Thursday, February 9th, 2017 8:00 am – 3:00 pm

Stoney Creek Hotel & Conference Center Columbia, MO

Wednesday, February 22nd, 2017

Missouri Employer’s Mutual Independence, MO

Learn from the disciplines of physical therapy, occupational therapy, and ergonomics on the most effective ways to prevent and reverse the progressive occupational illness of carpal tunnel syndrome.

SPEAKERS:

• Paul Krewson, OTR, CEAS
• Tyler Brown PT, CEAS
• Mark Woodard Loss Prevention Specialist

TOPICS:

• Prevention and Early Intervention of CTS
• Post Offer Pre Employment Testing
• Overview of Surgery and Recovery
• HR and Work Comp Perspective

Ways to Prevent/Reverse Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

1. Ergonomic Workstations: One of the primary contributors to CTS is poor ergonomics. Ensure your workstation is properly set up with an ergonomic chair, keyboard, and mouse. Maintain a neutral wrist position to minimize stress on the median nerve, which is responsible for CTS symptoms.
2. Frequent Breaks and Stretching: Incorporate short breaks into your workday to stretch your wrists and hands. Simple exercises like wrist flexor and extensor stretches can help relieve tension and improve blood circulation.
3. Proper Typing Technique: Pay attention to your typing technique. Avoid excessive force on the keys and try to keep your wrists in a neutral position while typing. A split keyboard or an ergonomic keyboard can also help.
4. Wrist Braces and Supports: Consider wearing wrist braces or supports, especially if you’ve experienced CTS symptoms. These aids can provide stability and reduce strain on the wrists during repetitive tasks.
5. Anti-Inflammatory Diet: Nutrition plays a role in preventing inflammation that can contribute to CTS. Incorporate foods rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and walnuts, to reduce inflammation and support joint health.
6. Maintain a Healthy Weight: Excess body weight can increase the risk of CTS. Maintain a healthy weight through a balanced diet and regular exercise to reduce pressure on your wrists.
7. Proper Hand Posture: Be mindful of your hand posture during activities. Avoid excessive flexion or extension of the wrists and maintain a neutral position when using tools or performing tasks.
8. Stress Management: Chronic stress can exacerbate CTS symptoms. Practice stress-reduction techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to keep stress levels in check.
9. Professional Evaluation: If you experience persistent symptoms of CTS, consult a healthcare professional or an ergonomics expert. Early diagnosis and intervention can prevent further damage.

Things to Remember

Prioritizing ergonomics, taking regular breaks, and adopting a healthy lifestyle are essential steps in maintaining wrist health. Remember, a proactive approach to workplace safety and ergonomics can go a long way in ensuring your well-being and productivity in the long run.

More Tools & Resources from Peak Ergonomics

Contact Us About Reducing Workplace Injuries

Healthy Employees are the Bottom Line! – Learn More!

Columbia: MEM 101 N Keene St. Columbia, MO Thursday, April 4th, 2013

Chesterfield: MEM 663 Trade Ctr Blvd. Chesterfield, MO Thursday, April 11th, 2013 8:00am to 3:00pm

How to Create an Effective Employee Wellness Program

Steve Potje, RN, CCP, HPC, BS/BA Executive Director National Association of Disease Management & Wellness Professionals

The Prevention & Early Intervention of Common Musculoskeletal Disorders

Paul Krewson, OTR/L, CEAS III Occupational Therapist & Ergonomist Peak Ergonomics, Inc.

Safety Inspections: Find Hazards Before They Find You!

Mark Woodward Loss Prevention Trainer Missouri Employer’s Mutual

The Use of Ergonomic Evaluation in Medical Causation

Vic Zuccarello, OTR/L, C.E.A.S. II, ABDA Owner & Vice President Bio-Ergonomics, Inc.

Conference Room Chairs are NOT for Prolonged Sitting

Frequently I see workers sitting in conference room chairs for 6 to 8 hours a day as their computer workstation task chair. Conference room chairs are designed for a person to sit in for a short duration and for the person to be conversing and not working on a computer. In order for a chair to be ergonomic, it must be fully adjustable, and the adjustments should be easy to make from a seated position.

Features to look for in an Ergonomic Chair in Order of Importance:

Appropriate Weight Limit Capacity:

Given the potential for a catastrophic injury due to a collapsed chair and the obesity epidemic in the United States, I place this at the top of the list. Most chairs have a weight capacity of 250 to 300 pounds. You may need to get a bariatric ergonomic chair for employees who weigh more than the average chair’s capacity.

Height Adjustable:

The feet must be firmly on the floor, and the hip should be slightly higher than the knee. If the worker is short, use a footrest. For tall workers, use a tall cylinder.

Adjustable Lumbar Support:

The worker should have firm support in the curve of the low back, and the lumbar support should be vertically adjustable. Additionally, the attached air pump allows users to adjust the pressure entering the spine.

Adjustable Seat Pan Depth:

Many times, the seat pan is too deep, and this prevents the worker from sitting fully back into the chair and having the lumbar spine supported. An appropriate seat pan depth will prevent people from perching on the front part of the chair. There should be 2-4 fingers width between the front of the chair and the back of the knees.

Adjustable Back Rest Tilt:

The backrest should have the ability to change angles from an upright seated position to a reclined position. It should also have a locking mechanism allowing the worker to lean back into the chair without the back-rest reclining.

Adjustable Arm Rests:

Keep arms close to the body and ensure armrests can move in and out for wide or narrow frames. Additionally, the armrests should move vertically to accommodate torso length and require padding with gel or memory foam. A nice additional feature is for them to slide forward, backward and tilt towards the keyboard.

Also, I highly recommend finding a vendor who is an expert in ergonomic products and not just a salesperson. There is a big difference and it is challenging to find the former. I recommend finding a local vendor as well; someone who can bring you samples and sell you used chairs is ideal. If you could pay $600 for an excellent used ergonomic chair, that is much better than paying $300 for a brand-new mediocre chair. A high-quality ergonomic chair will last for many years, sometimes decades. My personal chair is over 10 years old and in perfect condition, aside from expected superficial damage, and continues to be fully functional and supportive. There are a lot of high-quality chairs to choose from, and finding the right one can be difficult. Feel free to send a message to me if you have any questions or would like further assistance.

An article by Paul Krewson, Founder & Chairman of Peak Ergonomics, Inc.

Past Seminar

Columbia: Tuesday, October 23rd, 2018 @ Stoney Creek Hotel & Conference
Cape Girardeau: Tuesday, October 30th @ Drury Plaza Hotel & Conference

Agenda:

8:00am – 8:30am: Registration & Continental Breakfast

8:30am – 10:00am:

“Prevention: The Ideal Application of Ergonomics” by Mark Woodward

10:00am – 10:15am: Break

10:15am – 11:45am:

“Early Intervention: The Realistic Application of Ergonomics” by Paul Krewson

11:45am – 12:15pm: Lunch provided

12:15pm – 1:15pm:

“Work Causation Determination: The Unfortunate Application of Ergonomics” by Tyler Brown Part 1

1:15pm – 1:30pm: Break

1:30pm – 3:00pm:

“Work Causation Determination: The Unfortunate Application of Ergonomics” by Tyler Brown Part 2

Tuition: $149

Early Bird: $129 if you register at least 2 weeks in advance.

Two or more from same business: $88 each person.

Pricing includes breakfast, lunch and 5.5 hours of Continuing Education

Ergonomist and a Scholar

I grew up in Hannibal, MO and played in the same woods, bluffs, caves, river, creeks, and islands as our most beloved citizen and the Father of American Literature. While my primary occupation is ergonomics, secondarily I would consider myself a Mark Twain scholar. Mark Twain’s connection to ergonomics certainly piqued my interest. In particular, it is remarkable to witness the continuous discovery of items associated with Twain even after his death in 1910. Just last year, publishers released a children’s book that utilized a recently unearthed manuscript. Lost manuscripts and notebooks seem to pop up every so often. The man had a deep love for writing and dedicated numerous hours every day to it throughout most of his 75-year life. During the creation of Life on the Mississippi, he even pushed himself to write for 20 hours a day continuously for 6 weeks. Additionally, his absent-minded nature led to frequent misplacement of his belongings. His extensive travels around the world for many years have created circumstances in which numerous lost treasures are still waiting to be discovered.

Unveiling Mark Twain’s Writing Rituals

I find it intriguing that it was essential for Twain to write using pen and paper. He purchased his first typewriter in 1874 for $125 ($2,800 in today’s money). However he returned it a year later saying that it corrupts his morals because it makes him want to swear. He tried to dictate using the Edison Dictaphone, but he couldn’t find his creativity with dictation. While he is credited as the first American author to submit a typed manuscript—1883’s Life on the Mississippi—he achieved this by dictating his hand-written draft onto a wax cylinder and subsequently hiring a typist. The creativity went from his brain to his handwriting with pen and paper. He wrote until his entire right arm was in severe pain. Then, he would switch to his left hand and write with it for as long as he could tolerate. He was not a left-handed person but forced himself because of his yearning to write. No wonder he had a hot whiskey every night before bedtime! He said he would drink it to prevent toothaches and it worked because he never had a toothache. When I imagine him writing left-handed, I think of ergonomics and how we teach people to be as ambidextrous as possible.

Twain’s Acceptance of Ergonomic Solutions

I have asked workers countless times to try using their opposite side more frequently in order to alleviate fatigue in their dominant extremity caused by repetitive motions. Many times, we find workers will resist, but not Mark Twain. He wanted to write and even if he felt his right arm was about to fall off, he wasn’t going to let it stop him. I also find it interesting that there seemed to be a feasible ergonomic solution with the typewriter and Edison Dictaphone, but he could not find his creative juices for writing with them. There was something cathartic for him to write with the hand using pen and paper that could not be achieved by speaking into a recorder or striking keys on a typewriter. He made several recordings on the Edison Dictaphone wax cylinders, but they are all lost at present. There are currently no audio recordings of Twain’s voice. This is a shame because the technology was present and he is one of the most legendary storytellers in American history.

Mark Twain’s Investment in Ergonomics

Mark Twain invested heavily in an ergonomic invention. He invested $300,000 ($8 million in today’s money) in something called the Paige Compositor. The machine was intended to replace a team of 8 workers for setting type in a newspaper; however, its precision fell short of the newspaper’s requirements. Before perfecting this invention, the Linotype machine emerged in 1884 and rendered the Paige Compositor obsolete. Two machines were constructed in total, with Cornell University disposing of theirs during a scrap drive in World War II. The surviving machine is now exhibited at the Mark Twain House in Hartford, Connecticut. This failed invention played a part in Twain filing for bankruptcy at the age of 59. Twain possessed a fascination for inventions but seemed to encounter misfortune when it came to his investment choices. Twain had a poor mind for commerce and made many blunders when conducting business transactions. Mr. Bell once asked Twain to invest in his newly discovered telephone, but Twain didn’t see the need and turned him down. After bankruptcy, Twain traveled the world for many years lecturing as a humorist. He made a lot of money doing so and paid back all his debts, even though he had no legal obligation to do so. This act led to him receiving a hero’s welcome when he returned to the United States in October of 1900.

Twain’s Autobiographies & Embarrassment

Publishers released his most recent autobiographies, consisting of three large volumes, over 100 years after his death. He deliberately chose this timing to ensure he could express his thoughts and experiences with utmost honesty. He figured that after 100 years no one would be alive that could cause embarrassment to his family or friends. While Mark Twain did not fear death and openly embraced the idea, he harbored a fear of ostracism and wished to shield his friends and family from ridicule. When he began work on these posthumous autobiographies in 1906, he hired a stenographer. He began his day looking at the newspaper with the stenographer by his side. When he read something that would jog his memory of an interesting life event, then he would tell the story to the stenographer and she would write it down. If he was in the middle of a story and that reminded him of another story, then he would leave the first story and chase after the new one. He was a master storyteller, and this seemed to be the ergonomic solution for him to compose his final works. It also makes for an interesting autobiography. There is no rhyme or reason to the procession. You just read story after story of his life events that jump all around history.

Mark Twain’s Connection to Ergonomics & the Obstacles He Had to Overcome

In ergonomics, we closely examine the work station and how it fits with the worker. Twain spent most of his time working in bed during his last decade. Twain and his wife, Livy, purchased the bed on a trip to Venice in 1878 for $200 ($5,000 in today’s money). Carved in dark walnut with twists and turns leading to angels perched high and low across the bed and atop each of its four posts. His only surviving child Clara Clemens talked about how much time Twain had spent in bed. She said this about her father in 1908: “While I have been tiring myself out in an endeavor to rise to the heights as anybody else’s daughter he has just laid in bed and thought things and got out of bed now and then to loaf around on a lecture tour or tramp lazily through Europe. That’s why I’m looking for a really comfortable bed. Genius is the art of taking – to bed.” Clara had a difficult relationship with her dad. She was a professional musician but could not escape the shadow of being Mark Twain’s daughter. At her first concert, the marque outside reading, in small letters: “Clara Clemens” and in large letters: “Daughter of Mark Twain.” She tried to stay away from him and was usually found on a different continent than the one he was on. This is heartbreaking, because she was all he had left at the end of his life in 1910 and she was not there for him. Clara died in 1962 at the age of 88 and had one daughter, Nina. Nina died four years later at the age of 55 and was the last living direct descendant of Twain.

Mark Twain’s Connection to Ergonomics Through Personal Tragedy

Working in the field of ergonomics in the 21st century, we rarely see a tragedy. Most of the difficulties that we encounter pale in comparison to the difficulties that Mark Twain faced in the 19th century. At the age of 11, Twain witnessed his father being caught in a severe thunderstorm while riding his horse home from work. He developed pneumonia and died one week later. This pushed Twain out of school and into the workforce as a typesetter’s apprentice for the Hannibal Courier Post. His younger brother Henry perished in a tragic steamboat accident while on the job at the age of 20. Twain held himself responsible as he had secured that job for Henry. Twain reflects on the likelihood that both his father and Henry’s deaths resulted from accidental painkiller overdoses. Twain’s sickly son Langdon passed away at 19 months, and Twain blamed himself because he had taken his son on an early morning carriage ride where Langdon’s blanket slipped off. Twain failed to notice this until the ride had concluded, resulting in his son’s legs becoming frozen. Langdon died shortly thereafter. Twain concealed his guilt and shame over this episode until the 2010 published autobiography. His oldest daughter Suzy died when she was 24 in Connecticut and the rest of the family was in Europe. Suzy did not go to Europe because she suffered from seasickness. Twain felt horrible that Suzy died fighting a three-week battle with spinal meningitis without her mom by her side. Suzy and Livy were best friends and loved each other dearly.

Poor Financial Decisions and Tragedy

Twain was in Europe working because of his bankruptcy and he felt his poor financial decisions caused this tragedy. His wife Livy died at the age of 59 in 1904 due to congestive heart failure. His youngest daughter Jean died at the age of 29 in 1909 on Christmas Eve while at Twain’s house. She had an epileptic seizure while taking a bath in the early morning. Twain yearned for the arrival of death and lamented the instances where unexpected circumstances spared his life. He defied expectations by surviving into childhood despite being born prematurely and frail. Before learning to swim, he narrowly escaped drowning on nine occasions. Amusingly he remarked on being mistaken for a cat. He also faced 3 brushes with death due to various diseases that claimed the lives of children in his village. Through sheer luck, he narrowly evaded a tragic accident involving his brother’s steamboat, having been relocated just a day earlier. Twain’s life is replete with stories and circumstances where he remarkably eluded death by a hair. In 1909 Twain said this: “I came in with Halley’s Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it. It will be the greatest disappointment of my life if I don’t go out with Halley’s Comet. The Almighty has said, no doubt: ‘Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together.” His words would ring true one year later when he died on the night of Haley’s comet’s passing.

Twain Humanized Victims of Slavery

Over Twain’s life of travel, writings and reflections; he became one of the greatest humanitarians. He was also a powerful advocate for African Americans and other marginalized people. He was the first American author who humanized victims of slavery in his masterpiece book Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. This book undoubtedly exposed the masses to the atrocities committed against the African race and sounded the alarm for social justice in its time. In his masterpiece, he wrote in 7 different dialects and is the only person who recorded the dialect of the African slave in America. The most popular book in Twain’s lifetime was The Innocents Abroad or The New Pilgrim’s Progress published in 1869. This book gives a revelation as to Twain’s evolution with this text: “Travel is fatal to prejudice, bigotry, and narrow-mindedness, and many of our people need it sorely on these accounts. Broad, wholesome, charitable views of men and things cannot be acquired by vegetating in one little corner of the earth all one’s lifetime.”

His Personal Investment in Education

Twain provided financial assistance for the education of African Americans. In 1885, Twain published Huck Finn in New York. During that year, he privately wrote a letter to a law school dean expressing his sentiments, stating, “I do not believe I would willingly assist a white student who seeks charity from a stranger, but my stance differs when it comes to individuals of other races.” We have ground the manhood out of them, and the shame is ours, not theirs; and we should pay for it.” Twain was also a benefactor and friend of Helen Keller. “He treated me not as a freak, but as a person dealing with great difficulties.” While Mark Twain’s highest level of education was the 5th grade, he received honorary doctorates from Yale, Oxford, and Mizzou. Twain strongly believed in education for our society.  “Every time you stop a school, you will have to build a jail. What you gain at one end you lose at the other. It’s like feeding a dog on his own tail. It won’t fatten the dog.”

Importance of Ergonomics Education

One important aspect of ergonomics is education, whether it be a purely preventative measure in a group class or it is an individual early intervention case. In A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur’s Court (1889), Twain writes this: “In the stillness and darkness, realization soon began to supplement knowledge. The mere knowledge of a fact is pale; but when you come to realize your fact, it takes on color. It is all the difference between hearing of a man being stabbed to the heart, and seeing it done.” When we educate people, there is a distinct difference between a worker knowing something and realizing it. Most workers know that they should use proper body mechanics and postures. They also perform appropriate warm up exercises using the correct equipment and ask for help when needed. How many times do we see workers that know this, but do not realize it! Once a person feels the pain and suffering of a strain or sprain, then they realize what they had already known. This is why prevention can be so difficult and early intervention is a more realistic approach to ergonomics. This is also why we do a lot of hands-on kinesthetic learning techniques in our worker education.

The Heritage We Share

I feel a deep honor to share a similar heritage as Mark Twain. I also feel privileged to be the founder and chairman of Peak Ergonomics, Inc. We are the largest ergonomics consulting business in Missouri and serve over 50 communities in the Show Me State. Our team works diligently and continuously to develop and deliver comprehensive cutting edge protocols to our clients. This year, our family has established a Mark Twain sanctuary in Hannibal, MO, which we rent out on Airbnb and has been cherished by more than 20 families. It is important to me that Mark Twain’s history, along with his impact, continue to spread.

An article by Paul Krewson, Founder & Chairman of Peak Ergonomics, Inc.

Prevention and First Aid for Common Hand Problems

Work:

Perform your work activity so that your wrists stay as straight as possible. Avoid putting pressure or contact stress at the middle bottom of your palm or the base of your fingers. If you are doing a lot of repetitive work with that hand, then try using the other hand more often. Minimize forceful gripping and pinching as much as possible. Power tools should have a diameter of 1.5″ and pinch tools should have a diameter of 0.5″ with good friction. If you are exposed to vibration or contact stress, then use a padded sleeve.

Sleeping:

Awkward sleeping posture can cause hand disorders. Sleep in a wrist splint to protect hand and wrist while sleeping.
Ice: Apply cold gel sleeve to wrist/hand for 20 minutes after hand-intensive work.

Driving:

Over-gripping the steering wheel, bearing weight down into the steering wheel or resting your hand on the gear shifter for more than a few minutes can decrease proper circulation. Gently maintain your grasp of the steering wheel and change hand position every few minutes.

Hobbies:

Hand intensive hobbies like playing the guitar, sewing or video gaming should be kept to a minimum if you also perform hand-intensive work.
Healthy Lifestyle: Nicotine and caffeine cause blood vessels to constrict which reduces blood flow into the hand. One cigarette restricts blood flow to the hand for one hour. The more fat that is inside a person’s body, the less space there is inside the wrist. Thirty minutes of walking per day and healthy weight control will greatly help. Avoid high salt intake, which causes fluid retention. Diabetes, high blood pressure, hypothyroidism, and many other diseases contribute to hand problems.

Education:

Tennis and Golfer’s elbow are similar; they are just on opposite sides of the elbow. Tennis elbow occurs on the outside or lateral epicondyle. The lateral epicondyle anchors the common wrist extensor tendon; which branches into four muscles that extend the wrist, extend the long digit and supinate (palm up) the forearm. Golfers elbow occurs on the inside or medial epicondyle. The medial epicondyle anchors the common wrist flexor tendon; which branches into four muscles that flex the fingers and the wrist together and pronate (palm down) the forearm. Since the finger flexors automatically flex the wrist, the wrist extensors are required to activate to counterbalance the wrist. Forceful and repetitive gripping in an awkward posture can strain the tendon and cause microscopic tearing of the tissue. This creates an inflammation, which classifies as tendinitis. Treatment includes rest, ice & anti-inflammatories. Scar tissue generates to mend the torn tissue, which takes 21 days to attain 10% of the normal strength and can take several months to return to normal strength. Many times, the scar tissue repeatedly tears, and the tendon fails to heal. This problem classifies as tendinosis and treatment include heat, massage, and exercise. Anti-inflammatories may impede healing and so we recommend using Tylenol. Always read and follow the direction on the bottle before taking any medication.

Prevention:

• It is important for handles to have a good grip, 1 ½ “diameter with at least 5” length with good friction.
• Use power tools instead of manual tools.
• Use jigs and fixtures to hold work.
• Perform gripping activities with elbow at 90° with palms facing each other and wrists straight.
• Frequently perform stretching to reduce fatigue.

Self-Care: Acute Tendinitis:

• Ice 15 minutes, 4 times per day.
• NSAID’s – Ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Aspirin. Read and follow directions on the bottle.
• Rest: avoid repetitive or forceful gripping.
• Wear a forearm strap during the day to help the tendon rest and heal.
• Wear a wrist splint while sleeping to help the tendon rest and heal.

Chronic Tendinosis:

• Moist heat 15 minutes, 4 x day
• Deep tissue massage 5 minutes 2 x day
• Gradual progression of stretching
• Gradual progression of strengthening
• Wear a forearm strap during the day to help the tendon rest and heal.
• Wear a wrist splint while sleeping to help the tendon rest and heal.
• Avoid NSAID’s such as ibuprofen, Naproxen, and Aspirin. Use Tylenol for pain relief. Read and follow directions on the bottle.

Ergonomic Solutions for Retailers (NIOSH)

Things to Remember

Material handling injuries can have a significant impact on the productivity and well-being of workers in the retail sector. With the physical demands of lifting, carrying, and moving heavy items, it is crucial to implement effective injury prevention measures. This article aims to provide ergonomic solutions for retailers on preventing material handling injuries, highlighting key strategies and best practices.

1. Understanding the Risks

Before diving into ergonomic solutions for retailers, it’s essential to understand the common risks associated with material handling in retail stores. These risks include musculoskeletal disorders, strains, sprains, slips, trips, and falls. By recognizing these hazards, employers can take proactive steps to address them effectively.

2. Employee Training and Education

Investing in comprehensive employee training and education programs is the cornerstone of injury prevention. Proper training should cover safe lifting techniques, body mechanics, and the use of assistive devices such as hand trucks, dollies, and pallet jacks. Encouraging employees to report any discomfort or pain early on can help identify potential issues and mitigate them before they worsen.

3. Ergonomic Workstations and Equipment

Creating ergonomic workstations and providing suitable equipment can significantly reduce the risk of material handling injuries. Adjustable shelving heights, easy access to products, and anti-fatigue mats in high-traffic areas can minimize strain on employees’ bodies. Additionally, using mechanical aids like conveyor belts or automated systems for heavy lifting can significantly decrease the physical burden on workers.

4. Proper Organization and Storage

Efficient organization and storage of products play a vital role in injury prevention. Designate specific areas for frequently accessed items and ensure they are within easy reach. This reduces the need for excessive bending, reaching, or twisting, minimizing the risk of strains or falls. Regularly review and update storage practices to maintain optimal accessibility and reduce clutter.

5. Teamwork and Communication

Encouraging teamwork and effective communication among employees is essential for preventing injuries. Encourage workers to collaborate when handling heavy loads and provide clear instructions for team lifting. Establishing an open-door policy where employees can share safety concerns or suggestions fosters a culture of safety and helps identify potential hazards before they cause harm.

6. Regular Maintenance and Inspections

Regular maintenance and inspections of equipment and storage areas are crucial to ensure a safe working environment. Schedule routine checks for shelves, racks, pallets, and handling equipment to identify any signs of wear, damage, or instability. Promptly repair or replace faulty equipment to prevent accidents and injuries.

7. Promote Worksite Wellness

Promoting worksite wellness programs can contribute to injury prevention and overall employee well-being. Encourage regular exercise, stretching, and warm-up routines to improve physical fitness and flexibility. Provide access to ergonomic seating, rest areas, and hydration stations to alleviate fatigue and promote employee comfort during breaks.

8. Continuous Improvement and Feedback

Establishing a feedback loop with employees is essential for continuous improvement in injury prevention strategies. Conduct regular safety meetings to discuss concerns, share best practices, and address any emerging issues. Actively involve workers in developing and implementing safety protocols, as they possess valuable insights into their day-to-day tasks.

Conclusion

Preventing material handling injuries in the retail sector requires a proactive and multi-faceted approach. By prioritizing employee training, implementing ergonomic workstations, ensuring proper organization and storage, fostering teamwork and communication, conducting regular maintenance, promoting worksite wellness, and encouraging continuous improvement, retail store employers can create a safer work environment that reduces the risk of injuries. By implementing these strategies, we can protect the well-being of retail workers and improve overall productivity.  We recommend that you download the guide Ergonomic Solutions for Retailers to keep on hand as an important safety tool of reference.

Healthy Employees ARE the Bottom Line!

We are an injury prevention business. Specifically, we prevent sprains, strains and cumulative trauma injuries. It’s the simplest thing for me to say, but sometimes it’s the hardest thing to understand. What we want is your employees to be healthy. Peak Ergonomics serves over 50 communities in the Show-Me State of Missouri and all of our clients have had tremendous success at preventing injuries.

We have joined together the dream team of highly skilled professionals from across the healthcare industry; we have physical therapists, occupational therapists, exercise kinesiologists that are working with us at Peak Ergonomics. We have a tremendous diversity of clients. One of our clients will go 1500 feet underground. We go out on farms. We’re working with big machines and heavy equipment operators. We can contrast that and go into the office environment where we’re making sure that the employee is sitting comfortably at their desk and adjusting their monitors. Peak Ergonomics goes into the manufacturing and production line assembly to ensure your employees are safe.

Peak Ergonomics has pioneered the field of early intervention. We have had thousands and thousands of successful cases; all we do is prevent injuries. Healthy employees are better employees. If we can keep your employees healthy and safe, it’s going to be good for everybody. Our focus, this company’s focus is so driven toward taking care of your employees. We have your best interest in mind. We will do anything and everything to help you in your business and your employees to prevent injuries and help you to have a well workforce. That’s all we do, and we want to help you.

Healthy Employees ARE the Bottom Line!

Contact us for more information on how we can help your employees stay safe.

Learn more about our track record of success.

More Tools & Resources from Peak Ergonomics